Photo by Kat Hadjantonakis
What do jellyfish have to do with green mice you ask? A species of jellyfish known as Aequorea victoria contains a protein in its body tissues called “green fluorescent protein,” or GFP. As far back as 1962, scientists were able to isolate this protein from the jellyfish and recognize that it is activated by ultraviolet light. Why is this protein significant? Well, the fact that it can make mice and other creatures glow under UV light is a side note to its true importance in scientific research.
According to this recent article, scientists have earned the Nobel prize for determining the genetic mechanism behind this protein and using it for lighting up brain cells. By understanding the genetics behind the protein, scientists can use it as important tag. “Glowing markers will show, for example, how brain cells develop or how cancer cells spread through tissue.” Another important use is in bacteria. The protein can be manipulated so that it acts as a bioluminescent sensor in the presence of toxic compounds.
Surprising that one of the most simple and hated creatures in the ocean has such great implications for science and science fiction. Research aside, will they attempt a glowing human just because they can?
What purpose does the GFP serve for the jellyfish? Is there any harm in using this protein in mammals?